Pop Art And The Art - 1034 Words

Throughout the vast history of art, there have been many art movements that stand out and revolutionize the art world. However, one movement stands out in particular and it is known as Pop Art. Pop Art was invented by a few younger artists by the name of Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, and Roy Lichtenstein. It was brought about in the 1960s and it helped define a new form of American Realism. Its origin was sort of a lash out against Abstract Expressionism, which was a style of painting. The point of pop art was to represent life as most Americans lived it. It pointed out the simple things that Americans find themselves caught up in in everyday life. Pop Art represented a world focused around popular culture, which is basically what is â€Å"hot† in America at the time. Pop Art brought about the reality that America revolved around the culture of things like Wall Street Finance and Madison Avenue Advertising. It sort of presented the thought that maybe Americans weren’t s o hard to get through to or to understand. Pop Art revealed the pop culture in America and made beautiful art in return. It helped turn the page in the art world that was leaving traditional media, like painting, in the wind. Although there were many great artists to work with Pop Art like Claes Oldenburg and Roy Lichtenstein, one that particularly stands out is Andy Warhol. Born in August of 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Warhol was not among the most fortunate. Throughout his young life, Andy Warhol lived inShow MoreRelatedPop Art As A Form Of Art1014 Words   |  5 PagesPop Art is in our everyday life. Whether it’s the design on a soup can or an actual painting you see it every day. Many of the things we see every day are in famous pop art paintings. The movement Pop Art started in the late 1950s to the early 1960s. It spread widely through Britain and the Americas. The Movement Pop Art was named by the art critic Lawrence Alloway. At first the public didn t accept Pop Art as a form of art. It was later accepted by many critics. The critics felt it showed thatRead MorePop Art : An Art Movement905 Words   |  4 PagesPop Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950’s characterized by imagery from pop culture mostly on advertisements and news often using the sense of irony. This movement was more of a cultural revolution using vibrant colors and bold graphics to represent a statement and provide an instant meaning. It has a relation with the abstract expressionism, however it is clearer and has a comic book vibe. Pop art is not trying to confuse you and make you analyze its meaning, on the contrary, it wantsRead MorePop Art And The Pop Culture1616 Words   |  7 PagesDuring its time, pop art really exposed American cu lture. The pop art movement gained its prominence in the United States during the 1960’s. The pop art movement came after the abstract expressionist movement and first emerged in Great Britain during the late 1950’s but blew up in the United States. Like I already stated, I believe that in our society our overall beliefs and values are reflected through various aspects of our everyday lives. I believe that pop art and the pop art movement is a greatRead MoreThe Pop Of Pop Art Movement Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages Pop Art movement, centralised in the United States during the 1950s-60s, was a stage in the post modernism era in which the line between low art and high art was blurred and art was more accessible to the general public (Gambino, 2011). Andy Warhol was an iconic artist during the pop art movement alongside artists like Rauschenberg and Lichtenstein. The artworks, â€Å"Campbell’s Soup Cans† (1962) and â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (1962), dep ict icons from two different contexts and illustrate the theme of overRead MoreThe Art Of Pop Art : Femme DAlger1082 Words   |  5 PagesFemme d’Alger Femme d’Alger is a painting created by the artist, Roy Lichtenstein. The work of art was created in 1963. Its medium is oil on canvas with a dimension of 80 x 68 in (203.2 x 172.72 cm). The subject matter of this painting is of a harem women lounging naked in her apartment waiting. She is supposedly everything a male wants, a male’s fantasy of a woman. Although this painting is of a nude woman, the symbol and meaning behind it is, the woman is actually arousing to herself. LichtensteinRead MoreThe Music Of Pop Art1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe art movement I have chosen to write about is pop art. The pop art movement was about appealing to the eye through popular culture and through news and advertising. Pop art emerged in the mid 1950’s in the United States. British artists Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi were critics that made pop art popular in Britain in 1952. Paolozzi’s first creation in pop art was a collage of newspaper clippings. A film was made by Ken Russell, which gave life to the idea of pop art in Britain. MeanwhileRead MoreImpact Of Pop Art1448 Words   |  6 PagesDEPICTED IN TOM WESSELMANN’S POP ART† Christopher Zacherl ARTH 3340: Art of the United States November 20, 2017 In the 1960s, pop art represented the attempt to return to a more objective, universally acceptable form of art following the dominance of the highly personal Abstract Expressionism in the United States and Europe. It was considered very radical compared to what the art world had seen in the 40s and 50s, rejecting the supremacy of the â€Å"high art† of the past and the pretensesRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pages The term ‘Pop Arts ‘was innovated in the mid-1950s and early 1960 s. Undoubtedly, the god father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, thisRead MoreThe Rise Of Pop Art1657 Words   |  7 Pagesrise of Pop Art. It paved the way for iconic artist such as Andy Warhol and Jasper Johns . With the rise of this bona fide American phenomenon also brought critics. Critics asked and wondered how a can of soup or a soft drink could be considered art. Pop artist, Andy Warhol responded by stating, †Art is what you can get away with.† What made pop art popular? It was brash, transient, witty, hostile, young, mass produced, and most importantly it was low-cost . Pop art was the new art movementRead MoreThe Leader Of Pop Art1767 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood The leader of Pop Art, Andrew Warhola, was born on August 6th, 1928. His parents Ondrej and Ulja Warhola were both Czechoslovakian immigrants, before giving birth, they moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ondrej and Ulja had two elder sons named John and Paul. During his adolescence years, a plethora of different health disorders had affected Andrew, such as; Sydenham’s chorea and Scarlet fever. Andrew constantly received treatment which caused him to develop a fear towards hospitals.

The Threat Of A Terrorist Attack - 918 Words

The constant threat of a terrorist attack is something that not only the United States has to worry about when it comes to economic and political conditions but other countries also. Terrorist groups have continued to threaten to harm innocent people or infrastructures at all cost. One way that terrorist can disrupt the United States economy is an attack on a major shipping port and disrupting their operations. This could cripple part of the United States because many of our states depend on the cargo that is brought in and out of our ports. The United States import many different goods from countries around the world. The following is the top imports from Japan alone : Japan s exports to America amounted to $137.4 billion or 5.7% of its overall imports. 1. Vehicles: $46.5 billion 2. Machines, engines, pumps: $31.8 billion 3. Electronic equipment: $17.6 billion 4. Medical, technical equipment: $6.7 billion 5. Aircraft, spacecraft: $4.9 billion 6. Organic chemicals: $3.9 billion 7. Rubber: $2.5 billion 8. Plastics: $2.3 billion 9. Iron or steel products: $2.3 billion 10. Iron and steel: $1.9 billion As you can see that there is so much money and goods that are depended on the companies of the United States and when it comes to politics, there has been a constant argument on the steps on improving the security postures and equipment at port terminals in America. This is also the case of other port terminals around the world. According to the ContainerShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Terrorist Attacks2209 Words   |  9 PagesTerrorist attacks similar to the one experienced in 2001 have left a number of Americans concerned over the likelihood of future terrorist attacks and their potential impacts, as well. Such attacks have increased the level of uncertainty regarding what may happen, which only serves to heighten anxiety and stress levels. Weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), which include chemical, biological, and radiological weapons, have increased the likelihood of incidents of terrorism in America (Friedmann, Read MoreThe Threat Of Terrorist Attacks988 Words   |  4 Pag esIn terrorist attacks, individuals or groups use violence to obtain political or social objectives through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victims (Santifort-Jordan Sandler 2014, 981). If the terrorist attack is particularly shocking, then the terrorist group hopes that their malicious act will cause sufficient social anxiety that society will pressure the government to concede to the group s demands. Suicide terrorist attacks, the execution of which requires theRead MoreNsa Ci The United States And Other Countries From Threat Terrorist Attacks1933 Words   |  8 Pagesthe United States; 2,977 people died in the iconic terrorist attacks (â€Å"September 11th Fast Facts†). In New York, New York, two planes crashed into the World Trade Center towers, and another crashed into the Pentagon, which is the military command center located in Washington D.C. Along with those three planes, there was a fourth plane that was hijacked, but the passen gers overthrew the terrorist, and downed the plane in Pennsylvania. These attacks resulted in racism against the Muslim community andRead MoreThe United States Face Challenges And Threats1361 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States face many challenges and threats. The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review identifies six challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk to the United States over the next five years. These challenges include the terrorist threat, cyber threats, biological concerns, nuclear terrorism, transnational criminal organizations, and natural hazards (Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Of these six challenges, the terrorism threat seems to create the biggest fear and concernRead MoreA New Paradigm Of Terrorism1537 Words   |  7 PagesSince the 9/11 terrorist attacks many have sought to argue that a ‘New’ paradigm of terrorism exists and therefore that the nature of modern terrorist threats has changed. However, terrorism itself has never been clearly outlined, and as such both Copeland and Duyvesteyn argue current threats to be a continuation of older trends of traditional terrorism. More so terrorism is subjective and therefore current threats depends upon who the target is and who is reporting the attack. On the other handRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1586 Words   |  7 Pageswhere there are so many global threats around us. World is not like heaven. We need to face many problems in our life. We have some global risk also. This year has been a notably rough year. Some of the worst threats make our people more worried. Many researchers and writers are writing about the biggest threats of the world. Several reports are also made to understand the recent global threats. In order to write something about the recent global threats, one word comes to our mind thatRead MoreEvolution of Terrorism since the Attacks of 20011218 Words   |  5 Pages Evolution of Terrorism since the Attacks of 2001 Specificity and the level of modern civilization are characterized by the existence of vexed global problems, affecting not only the fate of individuals, social groups, nations, classes, regions and continents, but of all mankind. Therefore, in the present-day reality, the most urgent conflicts, requiring an immediate resolution that can escalate into an engrossing civil strife, are put forward to the fore. Alongside with them, there are separateRead MoreThe Existing And Evolving Threat Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction1424 Words   |  6 PagesP407 Terrorism The existing and evolving threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction Joshua Garrison 11/24/2014 To understand the threat that is posed by weapons of mass destruction (WMD), what defines a WMD must first be understood. The definition and use of WMD is covered by 18 U.S. Code  § 2332a - Use of weapons of mass destruction. The term â€Å"weapon of mass destruction† is defined as any destructive device that is further defined under section 921. Under section 921, a destructiveRead MoreThe Attack On The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Attack on the September 11, and the consequent War on Terror changed how the American government and its public perceive terrorism and how to formulate a policy to counter the phenomenon. A couple of large wars were waged on the name of War on Terror and many other small wars and conflicts took place in numbers of countries and continents to eradicate the threat of a terrorist attack. Yet the terrorist groups survived and the United States were left with a large debt acquired by expensive counterterrorismRead MoreHow Terrorism Law Enforcement Prepares For Terrorism814 Words   |  4 Pageshandling suspected terrorist and potential targets for attacks. Nationwide agencies have been created to better serve local law enforcement agencies investigate potential terroristic threats, and alleviate any unsolved questions of what is required to better protect the security of the U.S. Due to terrorist attacks that have occurred across the world and in the U.S., law enforcement agencies and citizens now have the proper resources to help prevent future terrorist attacks. How Terrorism Law Enforcement

Communicative Language Testing Free Essays

Teaching and testing are so closely interrelated. It is obvious that the development of different theories and approaches of language learning and teaching also affects the history of language testing. Therefore, it is common to see evolution of both language teaching and language testing. We will write a custom essay sample on Communicative Language Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now There has been a shift from analytical to integrative approach in both language teaching and language testing falling into three stages: ? Grammar –translation ? Structural ? Communicative ApproachThese three generations of language teaching are seen parallel to three generations of language testing. Through this shift, new ideas about language testing and new ways of evaluating the performance of language learners have emerged. The traditional description led to the teaching and learning of formal patterns of the language and the testing of language structures and vocabulary within a discrete – point single sentence format while the elaboration of communicative competence has had a considerable impact on language testing. Applied linguistics claimed that communicative language testing means not communicative testing of language, but the testing of communicative language. Thus, what distinguishes communicative language testing is the introduction of real – language input rather than new methodology of testing. As far as testing grammar is concerned, grammar has always been regarded as an important area for testing learner’s language proficiency. It still occupies a major position and is still present in many school examinations and even with commercially available proficiency tests.There is no doubt that this is a category to be measured when investigating an individual’s performance in a language. Thus, a better understanding of the construct of grammar is needed in order to improve the ways in which grammar is tested. However, what is of great importance is the extent to which the role of grammar has to play within communicative competence. The methods of testing grammar nowadays have been rather limited. Little attention has been given to create unique test designs for testing grammar within a communicative curriculum.Looking at commercially produced tests and available practice materials for tests, there has not much changed in them as there is not much that provides practice for testing communicative grammar communicatively. There is a common practice to test grammatical competence through decontextualised, isolated sentence formats and discrete-point items, which still seems to hold firm in the testing practice although various models of language proficiency have been proposed which advocate the measurement of the constituent parts of language proficiency communicatively.According to some experts, such type of test is non-communicative and context independent. As a reaction against the traditional assessment of using grammatical items divorced from the context, an alternative approach for the assessment of grammar w ith the notion of contextualizing items in a grammar test was introduced since testers pointed out that with isolated format there is a danger of testing an ability to do particular type of test rather than an ability to use the language. Other attempts to move away from discrete-point, decontextualised test items assessing grammatical competence include a variety of test formats. These tests measure grammatical competence within the framework of testing global language skills like speaking and writing, and listening and reading. There are views that a test of grammar has to be administered through some medium. Since most of grammar tests are in written form, the test-taker have to read in order to be able to respond to the grammar test items. This caused then the emergence of integrative tests. These integrative tests are often used as instruments for measuring one’s knowledge of ‘the rules in use’ in a specific context of communication.However, because of the nature of language in use, a number of issues have been raised by testers as to what language to sample for assessment and against what criteria performance on communicative language should be evaluated in order to ensure the generalisability of the results. Based on the assumption that grammar is central for effective and efficient communication, there have been attempts to describe the nature of instruments for testing grammar communicatively, which, however, does not seem to be adequately specified yet. It is a fact that in order to measure the ‘rules in use’, communicative grammar should be tested communicatively. Rea Dickins suggests that this can happen only if a test-taker is engaged in a communicative act in contexts that allow for the creation of meaning. Therefore, she claims that the communicative testing of grammar requires a task-based approach, within which there are at least five factors that make a grammar test communicative: 1. The contextualization of test items: a test should not comprise a number of decontextualised single sentences 2. The identification of a communicative purpose for the test activity 3.The identification of an audience to whom the communication is addressed 4. Instructions to the test taker that focus on meaning rather than on form 5. The opportunity for the test taker to create his/her own message and to produce grammatical responses as appropriate to a given context It is obvious that there is still a considerable discrepancy between the theory and practice in communicative grammar testing at our schools. Grammar testing appears not to have kept apace with developments in other areas of language description and language teaching.Moreover, the teachers are not sure about which are the most appropriate ways of testing grammatical competence. These are the following reasons why much grammar testing still reflects the best practice of the traditional method: †¢ high reliabilities are appealing to educational decision makers †¢ any move away from the objective decontextualised and decomposable approach to grammar testing raises certain difficulties †¢ ‘Communicative‘ testing (as indeed teaching) places greater demands on teachers and challenges their ompetence in English More open-ended wri ting tasks, through which grammar may be tested, require a new set of skills for test design, format, and item writing, with implications for more explicit marking schemes, appropriate design and application of different rating scales. The teachers prefer using well tried methods to avoid uncertainties about how to test grammar communicatively. It can be the result of constraints imposed by a syllabus, too.Where syllabus and/or textbooks reflect an exclusive form focused approach to teaching grammar, it is no surprise that any grammar testing may be similarly restricted in focus and format. How to cite Communicative Language Testing, Essays